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Error about nova-x86-64 on genode1505
by 刘海剑 18 Jun '15

18 Jun '15

When I run hello-tutorial on nova-x86-64, the output message is as follows: NOVA Microhypervisor v7-9916e62 (x86_64): Jun 15 2015 18:38:12 [gcc 4.9.2] [ 0] CORE:0:0:0 6:f:b:0 [0] Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7700 @ 2.40GHz Hypervisor does not feature VMX Hypervisor does not feature SVM Hypervisor reports 1x1 CPU - boot CPU is 0 Hypervisor info page contains 13 memory descriptors: detected physical memory: 0x0000000000000000 - size: 0x9fc00 use physical memory: 0x0000000000000000 - size: 0x9f000 detected physical memory: 0x0000000000100000 - size: 0x7efe000 use physical memory: 0x0000000000100000 - size: 0x7efe000 map multi-boot module: physical 0x07de3000 -> [0x001c2000-0x00284be8) - core map multi-boot module: physical 0x07ea6000 -> [0x00002000-0x00002235) - config map multi-boot module: physical 0x07ea7000 -> [0x00006000-0x00063720) - init map multi-boot module: physical 0x07f05000 -> [0x00067000-0x000b4090) - hello_client map multi-boot module: physical 0x07f53000 -> [0xb0000000-0xb00518d8) - hello_server map multi-boot module: physical 0x07fa5000 -> [0x00288000-0x002e0978) - timer :virt_alloc: Allocator 17ce90 dump: Block: [00002000,00004000) size=00002000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00004000,00005000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00005000,00006000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00006000,00065000) size=0005f000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00065000,00066000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00066000,00067000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00067000,000b6000) size=0004f000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [000b6000,000b7000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [000b7000,000b8000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=7fff400f8000 Block: [000b8000,000b9000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [000b9000,000ba000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [000ba000,000bb000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00043000 Block: [000bb000,000bc000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [000bc000,000bd000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [000bd000,00100000) size=00043000 avail=00043000 max_avail=00043000 Block: [001c2000,00286000) size=000c4000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00286000,00287000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=7fff400f8000 Block: [00287000,00288000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00288000,002e2000) size=0005a000 avail=00000000 max_avail=9fd1e000 Block: [002e2000,a0000000) size=9fd1e000 avail=9fd1e000 max_avail=9fd1e000 Block: [b0000000,b0053000) size=00053000 avail=00000000 max_avail=7fff400f8000 Block: [b0053000,bfeff000) size=0feac000 avail=0feac000 max_avail=7fff400f8000 Block: [bff04000,7fffffffc000) size=7fff400f8000 avail=7fff400f8000 max_avail=7fff400f8000 => mem_size=140737219080192 (134217471 MB) / mem_avail=140737216794624 (134217469 MB) :phys_alloc: Allocator 17bde0 dump: Block: [00001000,00002000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00002000,00003000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00003000,00004000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00004000,00005000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00005000,00006000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00006000,00007000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=055e3000 Block: [00007000,00008000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00008000,00009000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00009000,0000a000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [0000a000,0000b000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00093000 Block: [0000b000,0000c000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [0000c000,0009f000) size=00093000 avail=00093000 max_avail=00093000 Block: [00100000,00101000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=055e3000 Block: [00101000,00102000) size=00001000 avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [00102000,00400000) size=002fe000 avail=002fe000 max_avail=055e3000 Block: [02800000,07de3000) size=055e3000 avail=055e3000 max_avail=055e3000 => mem_size=93851648 (89 MB) / mem_avail=93798400 (89 MB) :io_mem_alloc: Allocator 17df58 dump: Block: [00000000,00001000) size=00001000 avail=00001000 max_avail=00001000 Block: [0009f000,00100000) size=00061000 avail=00061000 max_avail=fffffffff8001000 Block: [07ffe000,fffffffffffff000) size=fffffffff8001000 avail=fffffffff8001000 max_avail=fffffffff8001000 => mem_size=18446744073575739392 (17592186044288 MB) / mem_avail=18446744073575739392 (17592186044288 MB) Genode 15.05 int main(): --- create local services --- int main(): --- start init --- int main(): transferred 88 MB to init [init] Could not open ROM session for module "ld.lib.so" [init -> hello_client] int main(): enter main() in client...1 [init -> hello_server] int main(): Enter main() in Server... [init -> hello_server] Hello::Root_component::Root_component(Genode::Rpc_entrypoint*, Genode::Allocator*): Creating root component. [init] timer: no route to service "ROM" [init -> hello_server] virtual Hello::Session_component* Hello::Root_component::_create_session(const char*): creating hello session. [init -> hello_client] int main(): enter main() in client...2 [init -> timer] Could not open ROM session for module "hypervisor_info_page" [init -> timer] void* abort(): abort called int main(): --- init created, waiting for exit condition --- What's the matter? Thanks!

3 2

Is X11 forwarding still implemented?
by Jookia 18 Jun '15

18 Jun '15

Hello, I looked at an old Genode demo from 2006 or so a while ago and found it had secure X11 forwarding. I'm very interested in this feature with virtual machines to get a nice environment for something like Turmvilla, though last time I checked the code it seemed this feature disappeared. Cheers, Jookia.

3 8

Re: Port Genode to Exynos4412
by Reinier Millo Sánchez 17 Jun '15

17 Jun '15

Hi Oliver What version of Fiasco.OC (r67) you are using, the versiÃ³n SVN Repository or Stefan Kalkowsky GIT version? It seems to compiled fine, but it fails trying to start the application. When we have ported Fiasco.OC+Genode to the Odroid-X2, we never got that error. Can you share your diff patch applied and the configuration used to compile Fiasco.OC and L4re? Best regards On 06/15/2015 03:16 AM, Oliver wrote: > Hi, > We want to run gendoe(15.05) with fiasco.oc(R67) on the Exynos4412. I > patch the modification that you tell sunyu, but there are some errors. > Do I need to modify other configuration, or do you have any idea about > the error? > > This is the log on odroid-q2: > > Hello from Startup::stage2 > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068a90-0xf0069510) > Number of IRQs available at this GIC: 160 > FPU0: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: > dbl/sngl > L2: ID=4100c4c8 Type=1a340340 Aux=7e470001 WMask=ffff S=0 > L2: Type L2C-310 Size = 1024kB Ways=16 Waysize=64 > Watchdog initialized > SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 85 for serial uart > Not using serial hack in slow timer handler. > Welcome to Fiasco.OC (arm)! > L4/Fiasco.OC arm microkernel (C) 1998-2013 TU Dresden > Rev: 87c0950-dirty compiled with gcc 4.9.2 for Samsung Exynos [] > Build: #1 Tue Jun 9 17:14:44 CST 2015 > > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068a90-0xf0069510) > Allocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[4] local storage (offset=1181570, > 0xf11ea000-0xf11eaa80) > Timer for CPU0 is at IRQ 28 > Number of CPUs: 4 > Calibrating timer loop... Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: > 0xf0068a90-0xf0069510) > done. > Allocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[1] local storage (offset=1183570, > 0xf11ec000-0xf11eca80) > MDB: use page size: 20 > FPU1: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: > dbl/sngl > MDB: use page size: 12 > Timer for CPU1 is at IRQ 28 > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068a90-0xf0069510) > SCache config: ON > IID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011G ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 > MID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 > ACPU[1]: goes to idle loop > Allocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[2] local storage (offset=1162570, > 0xf11cb000-0xf11cba80) > 0FPU2: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: > dbl/sngl > :Timer for CPU2 is at IRQ 28 > Cache config: ON > HID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011e ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 > lID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 > lCPU[2]: goes to idle loop > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068a90-0xf0069510) > oAllocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[3] local storage (offset=1165570, > 0xf11ce000-0xf11cea80) > !FPU3: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: > dbl/sngl > > Timer for CPU3 is at IRQ 28 > Cache config: ON > ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011K ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 > IID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 > PCPU[3]: goes to idle loop > @ 40002000 > allocated 4KB for maintenance structures > SIGMA0: Dump of all resource maps > RAM:------------------------ > [4:40000000;40000fff] > [0:4007b000;4008ffff] > [0:40097000;4009ffff] > [0:400a7000;410fffff] > [4:41100000;4118efff] > [0:4118f000;800fffff] > [4:80100000;80245fff] > [0:80246000;bbffffff] > IOMEM:---------------------- > [0:0;3fffffff] > [0:bd000000;ffffffff] > > KIP @ 40002000 > magic: 4be6344c > version: 87024444 > sigma0 esp: 00000000 eip: 40090100 > sigma1 esp: 00000000 eip: 00000000 > root esp: 00000000 eip: 80100000 > MBI @ 40000000 > mod[3] [41100000,41100110) config > mod[4] [41101000,41151c34) init > mod[5] [41152000,4118e518) test-printf > :ram_alloc: Allocator 80235ee8 dump: > Block: [4007b000,40090000) size=00015000 avail=00015000 > max_avail=00015000 > Block: [40097000,4009701c) size=0000001c avail=00000000 > max_avail=00015000 > Block: [4009701c,40097038) size=0000001c avail=00000000 > max_avail=00000000 > Block: [40097038,400a0000) size=00008fc8 avail=00008fc8 > max_avail=00008fc8 > Block: [400a7000,400a701c) size=0000001c avail=00000000 > max_avail=3ef71000 > Block: [400a701c,400a7038) size=0000001c avail=00000000 > max_avail=00000000 > Block: [400a7038,41100000) size=01058fc8 avail=01058fc8 > max_avail=01058fc8 > Block: [4118f000,80100000) size=3ef71000 avail=3ef71000 > max_avail=3ef71000 > Block: [80246000,bc000000) size=3bdba000 avail=3bdba000 > max_avail=3bdba000 > => mem_size=2077892608 (1981 MB) / mem_avail=2077892496 (1981 MB) > :region_alloc: Allocator 80237058 dump: > Block: [00001000,20000000) size=1ffff000 avail=1ffff000 > max_avail=1ffff000 > Block: [30000000,40000000) size=10000000 avail=10000000 > max_avail=1ffff000 > Block: [40001000,40002000) size=00001000 avail=00001000 > max_avail=1ffff000 > Block: [40003000,4007b000) size=00078000 avail=00078000 > max_avail=00078000 > Block: [40090000,40097000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 > max_avail=1ffff000 > Block: [400a0000,400a7000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 > max_avail=03ff0000 > Block: [bc000000,bfff0000) size=03ff0000 avail=03ff0000 > max_avail=03ff0000 > => mem_size=872898560 (832 MB) / mem_avail=872898560 (832 MB) > :io_mem: Allocator 80236344 dump: > Block: [00000000,40000000) size=40000000 avail=40000000 > max_avail=40000000 > Block: [40001000,40002000) size=00001000 avail=00001000 > max_avail=40000000 > Block: [40003000,4007b000) size=00078000 avail=00078000 > max_avail=00078000 > Block: [40090000,40097000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 > max_avail=00078000 > Block: [400a0000,400a7000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 > max_avail=43ffffff > Block: [bc000000,ffffffff) size=43ffffff avail=43ffffff > max_avail=43ffffff > => mem_size=2215145471 (2112 MB) / mem_avail=2215145471 (2112 MB) > :io_port: Allocator 802367a0 dump: > :irq: Allocator 80236bfc dump: > Block: [00000000,00000260) size=00000260 avail=00000260 > max_avail=00000260 > => mem_size=608 (0 MB) / mem_avail=608 (0 MB) > :rom_fs: Rom_fs 8023790c dump: > Rom: [41101000,41151c34) init > Rom: [41100000,41100110) config > Rom: [40002000,40003000) l4v2_kip > Rom: [40002000,40003000) kip > Rom: [41152000,4118e518) test-printf > :core ranges: Allocator 8023988c dump: > Block: [4007b000,40090000) size=00015000 avail=00015000 > max_avail=00015000 > Block: [40097000,400a0000) size=00009000 avail=00009000 > max_avail=7bf59000 > Block: [400a7000,bc000000) size=7bf59000 avail=7bf59000 > max_avail=7bf59000 > => mem_size=2079813632 (1983 MB) / mem_avail=2079813632 (1983 MB) > Genode 15.05 > int main(): --- create local services --- > int main(): --- start init --- > Set ref account, init, targeted session not found > Transfer CPU quota, core -> init, no reference relation > int main(): transferred 1981 MB to init > Could not assign parent interface to new PD > unknown exception? > int main(): --- init created, waiting for exit condition --- > > > Best regards > Oliver > -- Lic. Reinier Millo SÃ¡nchez Centro de Estudios de InformÃ¡tica Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas Carretera a CamajuanÃ Km 5 1/2 Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba CP 54830 "antes de discutir ... respira; antes de hablar ... escucha; antes de escribir ... piensa; antes de herir ... siente; antes de rendirte ... intenta; antes de morir ... vive"

3 10

Turmvilla
by Norman Feske 17 Jun '15

17 Jun '15

Hello, hereby, I'd like to announce my ongoing activity to move my daily computing routine from Linux to Genode. We kicked off this line of work at our recent Hack'n'Hike, which took place as a magnificent location called "Turmvilla" in Bad Muskau. Hence, the code name for the activity. The transition will take many steps but we already succeeded with the first one: I'm posting this message from a Genode-based system, more specifically from a Linux VM running in VirtualBox on top of Genode/NOVA, connected to a wireless network using our port of the Intel wireless stack. Now we can take this as a starting point to move individual computing tasks from the Linux world to the Genode world and improve the user experience step by step. My personal goal is to have a convenient and stable working environment by the end of June (while still using the Linux VM for some things). If you like to follow this activity, you may track the corresponding issue at GitHub: https://github.com/genodelabs/genode/issues/1552 For those of you who are venturesome and like to join the ride, you can find the instructions in the issue. For further assistance, leave a comment at the issue tracker or reply to this email. Cheers Norman -- Dr.-Ing. Norman Feske Genode Labs http://www.genode-labs.com · http://genode.org Genode Labs GmbH · Amtsgericht Dresden · HRB 28424 · Sitz Dresden Geschäftsführer: Dr.-Ing. Norman Feske, Christian Helmuth

3 2

Genode Tails?
by Nobody III 16 Jun '15

16 Jun '15

Tor, an anonymity network, is used to get around NSA spying and the like. Unfortunately, The NSA has been using a workaround: hack the computers that try using Tor by exploiting vulnerabilities in Tor Browser, a slightly modified version of Firefox. Tails is a Linux distribution that uses Tor for all its network communications. It seems like Genode would be better-suited for protecting anonymity than Tails. A Tails equivalent seems like a very useful, relatively simple yet incredibly practical use of Genode. Anyone else want to pursue this? Also, how secure is the current Arora browser on Genode?

5 13

Filesystem Permssions
by Nobody III 12 Jun '15

12 Jun '15

What is the state of file permissions in Genode? And what is the plan for the future?

2 1

Errors when enable SMP on l4android
by li94575 11 Jun '15

11 Jun '15

Hi everyone, I have encountered some problems when enable SMP, which led l4android fails to start. There is an error happened in l4lx_task_create() from "ports-foc/src /lib/l4lx/l4lx_task.cc". The error message we got is " Inserting element 18... twice into avl tree! " Through analysis we find the method " Linux::Irq_guard guard; " can only mask interrupts on current processor(vcpu0 or vcpu1), that means when vcpu0 is executing the function l4lx_task_create, vcpu1 thread can also enter this function. So, we should have a mutual lock here. The error will gone after adding a lock that genode provided, like this: static Genode::Lock _lock_create; int l4lx_task_create(l4_cap_idx_t task_no) { using namespace L4lx; Linux::Irq_guard guard; Genode::Lock::Guard lock_guard(_lock_create); Env::env()->tasks()->insert(new (Genode::env()->heap()) Task(task_no)); return 0; } Similar problem also arises in l4lx_task_delete_task(). I don't know if this is a good solution, do you have some better methods? and are there any other interfaces in l4lx library, whilch need to be considered mutual exclusive operation after enabling SMP? Thanks a lot !

2 1

USB armory USB driver - porting
by Vladimir Lushnikov 10 Jun '15

10 Jun '15

Hello all, I am currently starting to port the Linux drivers necessary to get USB (both Host and OTG) working on the USB armory. Given my current schedule I hope to have something working by the end of the month (or at least that is my goal). First off, some notes from my investigation. The USB armory (and in general imx53) uses the Chipidea USB HCD driver in Linux. Confusingly, this is not the 'fsl' driver that I was originally looking at as that is for PPC arch only (even though uBoot calls it the 'fsl' driver, I guess because the register layout is the same). Concretely, this means I need to bring the 'drivers/usb/chipidea' directory into the DDE Linux repo. The actual driver entry point is in 'ci_hdrc_imx.c' (the same driver as imx27). The imx53 has a built-in PHY and no IOMUX pins for both the host or OTG controller, which is nice. For host only functionality, there should be no special hardware initialisation necessary beyound a bus reset, because mainline uBoot seems to include the necessary bits to initialise the clocks and the controller by default (not tested though). For OTG functionality on the controller side it should just be changing the mode and the register base to the OTG controller. I'm not sure yet whether it's possible just to use the OTG controller for both the host and device mode though according to the TRM it should be possible. Is anybody else working on supporting the USB armory USB currently (just to make sure)? My bigger question is of course - what shall be done about the USB gadgets necessary to have things like CDC ethernet or serial working. Of course we can port them from Linux initially but I guess because some of them will be simple (? like serial, hopefully) it would make perhaps make sense to make a native Genode port. But I have not yet thought about this in depth because I want to get the controller working first. The Wandboard uses the same USB driver but it needs some code to control the PHY and I don't know about the pin muxing. Vladimir

2 1

TrustZone Vmm Questions
by Ofer Hasson 08 Jun '15

08 Jun '15

Hello, I'm trying to pass data between worlds, currently I'm allocating kernel space buffer in the normal world (Linux), passing the address using r0 register and the size using r1 register. I manage to read the buffers reliably. When I'm trying to change the buffers in the secure world, I don't see the change in the normal world, at first i thought there was some compiler optimization issues, now I use -O0, next i thought this was CPU cache issues and now i use "flush_kernel_kmaps()" but still nothing. Any idea's on this issue ? Another question, how to i restart the board (iMX53) from genode code in the secure world ? Thanks a lot

2 3

Re: Port Genode(13.05) to exynos4412 with Fiasco.oc(R67)
by Reinier Millo Sánchez 05 Jun '15

05 Jun '15

Hi Sunyu Thanks for your answer. We have tested your patch and it works. We have reduced a bit your patch. This is our patch: diff --git a/src/kernel/fiasco/src/drivers/arm/processor-arm.cpp b/src/kernel/fiasco/src/drivers/arm/processor-arm.cpp index d9102c4..8ee9101 100644 --- a/src/kernel/fiasco/src/drivers/arm/processor-arm.cpp +++ b/src/kernel/fiasco/src/drivers/arm/processor-arm.cpp @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public: static Cpu_phys_id cpu_id(); }; -INTERFACE[arm && !arm_em_tz]: +INTERFACE[arm && !arm_em_tz && !arm_em_ns]: EXTENSION class Proc { @@ -62,6 +62,22 @@ public: }; }; +INTERFACE[arm && arm_em_ns]: + +EXTENSION class Proc +{ +public: + enum : unsigned + { + Cli_mask = Status_IRQ_disabled, + Sti_mask = Status_IRQ_disabled, + Status_preempt_disabled = Status_IRQ_disabled, + Status_interrupts_mask = Status_IRQ_disabled, + Status_always_mask = 0x10 | Status_FIQ_disabled, + }; +}; + + INTERFACE[arm && !hyp]: EXTENSION class Proc Your patch runs without TrustZone and TrustZone Normal Side. Our patch only works on TrustZone Normal Side. When TrustZone is enabled the IRQ are used in Normal Side and the FIQ are used in Secure Side. That is the reason because we adapt your patch to be used only on TrustZone Normal Side. We are interested to use IRQ and FIQ when not using TrustZone. We are trying to use Fiasco.OC without TrustZone, but using both interrupts, the IRQ and FIQ. We are thinking that the problem may be in the GIC or the TrustZone configuration. We have tested both patchs using Fiasco.OC(r67) with GenodeOS, and run/printf works fine. There is the serial output: Exynos4412 # bootm 0x41000000 Boot with zImage Starting kernel ... L4 Bootstrapper Build: #2 Thu Jun 4 10:16:41 EDT 2015, 4.9.2 Scanning up to 2048 MB RAM, starting at offset 32MB Memory size is 2048MB (40000000 - bfffffff) Limiting 'RAM' region [ 40000000, bfffffff] { 80000000} to [ 40000000, bcffffff] { 7d000000} due to 3024 MB address limit RAM: 0000000040000000 - 00000000bcffffff: 2048000kB Total RAM: 2000MB Scanning /home/alexy/workOS/genode/genodeos/geno-issue-48u/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco Scanning sigma0 Scanning genode/core Moving up to 6 modules behind 41100000 moving module 02 { 4111e000-41191e0b } -> { 4120e000-41281e0b } [474636] moving module 01 { 4110c000-4111d367 } -> { 411fc000-4120d367 } [70504] moving module 00 { 4109f000-4110b0ab } -> { 4118f000-411fb0ab } [442540] moving module 05 { 41062000-4109e513 } -> { 41152000-4118e513 } [247060] moving module 04 { 41011000-41061c2f } -> { 41101000-41151c2f } [330800] moving module 03 { 41010000-4101010f } -> { 41100000-4110010f } [272] Loading no-issue-48u/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco Loading sigma0 Loading genode/core find kernel info page... found kernel info page at 0x40002000 Regions of list 'regions' [ 40000000, 40000167] { 168} Root mbi_rt [ 40001000, 40001a7f] { a80} Kern no-issue-48u/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco [ 40002000, 4007afff] { 79000} Kern no-issue-48u/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco [ 40090000, 4009629f] { 62a0} Sigma0 sigma0 [ 400a0000, 400a6177] { 6178} Sigma0 sigma0 [ 41000000, 4100f51f] { f520} Boot bootstrap [ 41100000, 4118efff] { 8f000} Root Module [ 80100000, 80245c73] { 145c74} Root genode/core API Version: (87) experimental Sigma0 config ip:40090100 sp:00000000 Roottask config ip:80100000 sp:00000000 Starting kernel no-issue-48u/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco at 40001258 Hello from Startup::stage2 Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068d50-0xf00697d0) Number of IRQs available at this GIC: 160 FPU0: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: dbl/sngl L2: ID=4100c4c8 Type=1a340340 Aux=7e470001 WMask=ffff S=0 L2: Type L2C-310 Size = 1024kB Ways=16 Waysize=64 Watchdog initialized SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 85 for serial uart Not using serial hack in slow timer handler. \0x1b[1;32mWelcome to Fiasco.OC (arm)! \0x1b[0;32mL4/Fiasco.OC arm microkernel (C) 1998-2013 TU Dresden Rev: 7aa62e3-dirty compiled with gcc 4.9.2 for Samsung Exynos [] Build: #3 Thu Jun 4 10:16:23 EDT 2015 \0x1b[0m Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068d50-0xf00697d0) Allocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[4] local storage (offset=11872b0, 0xf11f0000-0xf11f0a80) Timer for CPU0 is at IRQ 28 Number of CPUs: 4 Calibrating timer loop... Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068d50-0xf00697d0) done. Allocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[1] local storage (offset=11892b0, 0xf11f2000-0xf11f2a80) MDB: use page size: 20 FPU1: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: dbl/sngl MDB: use page size: 12 Timer for CPU1 is at IRQ 28 Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068d50-0xf00697d0) SAllocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[2] local storage (offset=11682b0, 0xf11d1000-0xf11d1a80) ICache config: ON GID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011M ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 AID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 0FPU2: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: dbl/sngl :CPU[1]: goes to idle loop Timer for CPU2 is at IRQ 28 HCache config: ON eID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011l ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 lID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0068d50-0xf00697d0) CPU[2]: goes to idle loop oAllocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[3] local storage (offset=116b2b0, 0xf11d4000-0xf11d4a80) !FPU3: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: dbl/sngl Timer for CPU3 is at IRQ 28 Cache config: ON ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011K ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 IID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 PCPU[3]: goes to idle loop @ 40002000 allocated 4KB for maintenance structures SIGMA0: Dump of all resource maps RAM:------------------------ [4:40000000;40000fff] [0:4007b000;4008ffff] [0:40097000;4009ffff] [0:400a7000;410fffff] [4:41100000;4118efff] [0:4118f000;800fffff] [4:80100000;80245fff] [0:80246000;bbffffff] IOMEM:---------------------- [0:0;3fffffff] [0:bd000000;ffffffff] KIP @ 40002000 magic: 4be6344c version: 87024444 sigma0 esp: 00000000 eip: 40090100 sigma1 esp: 00000000 eip: 00000000 root esp: 00000000 eip: 80100000 MBI @ 40000000 mod[3] [41100000,41100110) config mod[4] [41101000,41151c30) init mod[5] [41152000,4118e514) test-printf :ram_alloc: Allocator 80235ed8 dump: Block: [4007b000,40090000) size=00015000 avail=00015000 max_avail=00015000 Block: [40097000,4009701c) size=0000001c avail=00000000 max_avail=00015000 Block: [4009701c,40097038) size=0000001c avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [40097038,400a0000) size=00008fc8 avail=00008fc8 max_avail=00008fc8 Block: [400a7000,400a701c) size=0000001c avail=00000000 max_avail=3ef71000 Block: [400a701c,400a7038) size=0000001c avail=00000000 max_avail=00000000 Block: [400a7038,41100000) size=01058fc8 avail=01058fc8 max_avail=01058fc8 Block: [4118f000,80100000) size=3ef71000 avail=3ef71000 max_avail=3ef71000 Block: [80246000,bc000000) size=3bdba000 avail=3bdba000 max_avail=3bdba000 => mem_size=2077892608 (1981 MB) / mem_avail=2077892496 (1981 MB) :region_alloc: Allocator 80237048 dump: Block: [00001000,20000000) size=1ffff000 avail=1ffff000 max_avail=1ffff000 Block: [30000000,40000000) size=10000000 avail=10000000 max_avail=1ffff000 Block: [40001000,40002000) size=00001000 avail=00001000 max_avail=1ffff000 Block: [40003000,4007b000) size=00078000 avail=00078000 max_avail=00078000 Block: [40090000,40097000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 max_avail=1ffff000 Block: [400a0000,400a7000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 max_avail=03ff0000 Block: [bc000000,bfff0000) size=03ff0000 avail=03ff0000 max_avail=03ff0000 => mem_size=872898560 (832 MB) / mem_avail=872898560 (832 MB) :io_mem: Allocator 80236334 dump: Block: [00000000,40000000) size=40000000 avail=40000000 max_avail=40000000 Block: [40001000,40002000) size=00001000 avail=00001000 max_avail=40000000 Block: [40003000,4007b000) size=00078000 avail=00078000 max_avail=00078000 Block: [40090000,40097000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 max_avail=00078000 Block: [400a0000,400a7000) size=00007000 avail=00007000 max_avail=43ffffff Block: [bc000000,ffffffff) size=43ffffff avail=43ffffff max_avail=43ffffff => mem_size=2215145471 (2112 MB) / mem_avail=2215145471 (2112 MB) :io_port: Allocator 80236790 dump: :irq: Allocator 80236bec dump: Block: [00000000,00000260) size=00000260 avail=00000260 max_avail=00000260 => mem_size=608 (0 MB) / mem_avail=608 (0 MB) :rom_fs: Rom_fs 802378fc dump: Rom: [41101000,41151c30) init Rom: [41100000,41100110) config Rom: [40002000,40003000) l4v2_kip Rom: [40002000,40003000) kip Rom: [41152000,4118e514) test-printf :core ranges: Allocator 8023987c dump: Block: [4007b000,40090000) size=00015000 avail=00015000 max_avail=00015000 Block: [40097000,400a0000) size=00009000 avail=00009000 max_avail=7bf59000 Block: [400a7000,bc000000) size=7bf59000 avail=7bf59000 max_avail=7bf59000 => mem_size=2079813632 (1983 MB) / mem_avail=2079813632 (1983 MB) \0x1b[32mGenode 15.05-40-gae2eab6\0x1b[0m int main(): \0x1b[33m--- create local services ---\0x1b[0m int main(): \0x1b[33m--- start init ---\0x1b[0m int main(): \0x1b[33mtransferred 1981 MB to init\0x1b[0m int main(): \0x1b[33m--- init created, waiting for exit condition ---\0x1b[0m init] \0x1b[31mCould not open ROM session for module "ld.lib.so"\0x1b[0m init -> test-printf] -1 = -1 = -1 [init] virtual void Genode::Child_policy::exit(int): \0x1b[33mchild "test-printf" exited with exit value 0\0x1b[0m To support Fiasco.OC on Genode we use a patch from Stefan Kalkowski: diff --git a/repos/base-foc/lib/mk/l4re_support.mk b/repos/base-foc/lib/mk/l4re_support.mk index 8058093..108ec4a 100644 --- a/repos/base-foc/lib/mk/l4re_support.mk +++ b/repos/base-foc/lib/mk/l4re_support.mk @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ifeq ($(called_from_lib_mk),yes) # packages in 'l4/pkg/' -PKGS = uclibc-headers uclibc-minimal l4util cxx +PKGS = crtn uclibc-headers l4util cxx uclibc-minimal libstdc++-headers include $(REP_DIR)/mk/l4_pkg.mk all: $(PKG_TAGS) And this is our patch to support the compilation of Fiasco.OC+Genode for Odroid-X2. The patch is not completed, but allows to run the printf example. We are based on the Arndale Exynos5 to support the Odroid-X2. There are some source code that is specific for the Exynos5 that we must change. Best regards On 06/04/2015 12:44 AM, sunyu wrote: > Hi, > I have run > Fiasco.oc(http://svn.tudos.org/repos/oc/tudos/trunk/l4/,http://os.inf.tu-dr… > Exynos4412 sucessfully,but i'm not sure what difference between it and > the fork of Fiasco.OC by Genode.There is the serial output: > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > downloading of 935936 bytes finished > Kernel size: 000e4000 > Ramdisk size: 00000000 > Booting raw image.. > Boot with zImage > Wrong Ramdisk Image Format > [err] boot_get_ramdisk > > Starting kernel ... > > > L4 Bootstrapper > Build: #2 2015ï¿½ï¿½å¹´ 06ï¿½ï¿½æ 04ï¿½ï¿½æ¥ ï¿½ï¿½æï¿½ï¿½æï¿½11:08:19 CST, 4.7.3 > Scanning up to 1024 MB RAM, starting at offset 32MB > Memory size is 1024MB (40000000 - 7fffffff) > RAM: 0000000040000000 - 000000007fffffff: 1048576kB > Total RAM: 1024MB > Scanning fiasco > Scanning sigma0 > Scanning moe > Moving up to 5 modules behind 41100000 > moving module 02 { 410b2000-410e3623 } -> { 411a2000-411d3623 } [202276] > moving module 01 { 410a8000-410b133b } -> { 41198000-411a133b } [37692] > moving module 00 { 41044000-410a706b } -> { 41134000-4119706b } [405612] > moving module 04 { 4102a000-4104357b } -> { 4111a000-4113357b } [103804] > moving module 03 { 41010000-41029457 } -> { 41100000-41119457 } [103512] > Loading fiasco > Loading sigma0 > Loading moe > find kernel info page... > found kernel info page at 0x40002000 > Regions of list 'regions' > [ 40000000, 400000e3] { e4} Root mbi_rt > [ 40001000, 40001b7f] { b80} Kern fiasco > [ 40002000, 40072fff] { 71000} Kern fiasco > [ 40090000, 400968fb] { 68fc} Sigma0 sigma0 > [ 40098000, 4009e177] { 6178} Sigma0 sigma0 > [ 40140000, 4016e6b3] { 2e6b4} Root moe > [ 40170000, 40186f13] { 16f14} Root moe > [ 41000000, 4100f4ff] { f500} Boot bootstrap > [ 41100000, 41133fff] { 34000} Root Module > API Version: (87) experimental > Sigma0 config ip:40090100 sp:00000000 > Roottask config ip:40140260 sp:00000000 > Starting kernel fiasco at 40001360 > Hello from Startup::stage2 > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf005fd10-0xf0060790) > Number of IRQs available at this GIC: 160 > FPU0: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: > dbl/sngl > Watchdog initialized > SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 85 for serial uart > Not using serial hack in slow timer handler. > Welcome to Fiasco.OC (arm)! > L4/Fiasco.OC arm microkernel (C) 1998-2013 TU Dresden > Rev: unknown compiled with gcc 4.7.3 for Samsung Exynos [] > Build: #1 Thu Jun 4 10:54:54 CST 2015 > > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf005fd10-0xf0060790) > > KERNEL: Warning: Buddy::alloc: Size mismatch: a80 v 1000 > Allocate 2688 bytes (3KB) for CPU[4] local storage (offset=118a2f0, > 0xf11ea000-0xf) > Timer for CPU0 is at IRQ 28 > Number of CPUs: 4 > 11===========interupts=1 > Calibrating timer loop... 22===========interupts=1 > done. > MDB: use page size: 20 > MDB: use page size: 12 > SIGMA0: Hello! > KIP @ 40002000 > allocated 4KB for maintenance structures > SIGMA0: Dump of all resource maps > RAM:------------------------ > [4:40000000;40000fff] > [0:40073000;4008ffff] > [0:40097000;40097fff] > [0:4009f000;4013ffff] > [4:40140000;4016efff] > [0:4016f000;4016ffff] > [4:40170000;40186fff] > [0:40187000;410fffff] > [4:41100000;41133fff] > [0:41134000;7effffff] > IOMEM:---------------------- > [0:0;3fffffff] > [0:80000000;ffffffff] > MOE: Hello world > MOE: found 1031188 KByte free memory > MOE: found RAM from 40000000 to 7f000000 > MOE: allocated 1008 KByte for the page array @0x40187000 > MOE: virtual user address space [0-bfffffff] > MOE: rom name space cap -> [C:501000] > BOOTFS: [41100000-41119458] [C:503000] l4re > BOOTFS: [4111a000-4113357c] [C:504000] hello > MOE: cmdline: moe --init=rom/hello > MOE: Starting: rom/hello > MOE: loading 'rom/hello' > Hello World! > Hello World! > Hello World! > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > I have modified the Fiasco.oc&L4re,all the modifications are as two > 'diff' files shown,and two configuration files are attached. > > P.S > I have tested the modified Fiasco.oc in Genode(15.05) by replacing > files(Genode/contrib/.../kernel/fiasco,configuration),but there is a > problem during execution(different from yours),is it caused by wrong > configuration? > There is the output: > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > Starting kernel ... > > Hello from Startup::stage2 > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf006b628-0xf006bfe8) > Number of IRQs available at this GIC: 160 > Cache config: ON > ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011 ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 > ID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 > FPU0: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: hard, p: > dbl/sngl > Watchdog initialized > SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 305 for serial uart > Not using serial hack in slow timer handler. > Welcome to Fiasco.OC (arm)! > L4/Fiasco.OC arm microkernel (C) 1998-2013 TU Dresden > Rev: rUnversioned director compiled with gcc 4.9.2 for Samsung > Exynos [] > Build: #1 2015ï¿½ï¿½å¹´ 06ï¿½ï¿½æ 02ï¿½ï¿½æ¥ ï¿½ï¿½æï¿½ï¿½æï¿½ï¿½äº 13:19:19 CST > > Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf006b628-0xf006bfe8) > > KERNEL: Warning: Buddy::alloc: Size mismatch: 9c0 v 1000 > Allocate 2496 bytes (2KB) for CPU[4] local storage (offset=117b9d8, > 0xf11e7000-0xf) > Timer for CPU0 is at IRQ 28 > Number of CPUs: 4 > > KERNEL: Warning: No page-fault handler for 0xee620004, error 0x400808, > pc f0040700 > > Best regards > Sunyu > > > > > > > On 2015å¹´06æ04æ¥ 04:28, Reinier Millo SÃ¡nchez wrote: >> Hi Sunyu >> >> We are using GenodeOS(15.05) with Fiasco.OC r67 >> (http://github.com/skalk/foc.git). We have made all configuration and >> passed the compilation (printf.run) too. To get the raw image we have >> used genode-arm-obj-copy. >> In our case the Fiasco.OC don't starts successfully, the execution >> stops at 'Calibrating loop time...'. We have also tested it on the >> Fiasco.OC snapshot and got the same problem. There is the serial >> output using Genode: >> >> Boot with zImage >> Starting kernel ... >> L4 Bootstrapper >> Build: #2 Mon Jun 1 13:06:39 EDT 2015, 4.7.4 >> Scanning up to 2047 MB RAM >> Memory size is 2047MB (40000000 - bfefffff) >> RAM: 0000000040000000 - 00000000bfefffff: 2096128kB >> Total RAM: 2047MB >> mod05: 41153000-4118b960: genode/test-printf >> mod04: 41104000-41152908: genode/init >> mod03: 41103000-41103110: genode/config >> mod02: 41089000-411021c8: genode/core >> mod01: 4107f000-41088374: sigma0 >> mod00: 41015000-4107e8ac: >> /home/alexy/workOS/genodeos/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco >> Moving up to 6 modules behind 41100000 >> moving module 00 { 41015000-4107e8ab } -> { 41277000-412e08ab } >> [432300] >> moving module 01 { 4107f000-41088373 } -> { 412e1000-412ea373 } >> [37748] >> moving module 02 { 41089000-411021c7 } -> { 412eb000-413641c7 } >> [496072] >> moving module 03 { 41103000-4110310f } -> { 41100000-4110010f } >> [272] >> moving module 04 { 41104000-41152907 } -> { 41101000-4114f907 } >> [321800] >> moving module 05 { 41153000-4118b95f } -> { 41150000-4118895f } >> [231776] >> Scanning >> /home/alexy/workOS/genodeos/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco >> -serial_esc >> Scanning sigma0 >> Scanning genode/core >> Relocated mbi to [0x4100e000-0x4100e14d] >> Loading kOS/genodeos/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco >> Loading sigma0 >> Loading genode/core >> find kernel info page... >> found kernel info page at 0x40002000 >> Regions of list 'regions' >> [ 40001000, 40001bff] { c00} Kern >> kOS/genodeos/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco >> [ 40002000, 40076fff] { 75000} Kern >> kOS/genodeos/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco >> [ 400a0000, 400a673b] { 673c} Sigma0 sigma0 >> [ 400a8000, 400ae17b] { 617c} Sigma0 sigma0 >> [ 41000000, 410143f7] { 143f8} Boot bootstrap >> [ 4100e000, 4100e24a] { 24b} Root Multiboot info >> [ 41100000, 4118895f] { 88960} Root Module >> [ 80100000, 8025271f] { 152720} Root genode/core >> API Version: (87) experimental >> Sigma0 config ip:400a0100 sp:41013de4 >> Roottask config ip:80100000 sp:00000000 >> Starting kernel >> kOS/genodeos/build/foc_odroid-x2/kernel/fiasco.oc/fiasco at 400013c0 >> Hello from Startup::stage2 >> Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0066658-0xf00670a8) >> Number of IRQs available at this GIC: 160 >> Cache config: ON >> ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011 ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 >> ID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 >> FPU0: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: >> hard, p: dbl/sngl >> L2: ID=4100c4c8 Type=1a340340 Aux=7e470001 WMask=ffff S=0 >> L2: Type L2C-310 Size = 1024kB >> Watchdog initialized >> SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 85 for serial uart >> Not using serial hack in slow timer handler. >> [1;32mWelcome to Fiasco.OC (arm)! >> [0;32mL4/Fiasco.OC arm microkernel (C) 1998-2013 TU Dresden >> Rev: 95b378f compiled with gcc 4.7.4 for Samsung Exynos [] >> Build: #1 Mon Jun 1 13:06:23 EDT 2015 >> [0m >> Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0066658-0xf00670a8) >> Allocate 2640 bytes (3KB) for CPU[4] local storage >> (offset=117f9a8, 0xf11e6000-0xf11e6a50) >> Timer for CPU0 is at IRQ 28 >> Number of CPUs: 4 >> Calibrating timer loop... Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: >> 0xf0066658-0xf00670a8) >> Allocate 2640 bytes (3KB) for CPU[1] local storage >> (offset=11809a8, 0xf11e7000-0xf11e7a50) >> Cache config: ON >> ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011 ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 >> ID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 >> FPU1: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: >> hard, p: dbl/sngl >> Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0066658-0xf00670a8) >> Timer for CPU1 is at IRQ 28 >> Allocate 2640 bytes (3KB) for CPU[2] local storage >> (offset=118c9a8, 0xf11f3000-0xf11f3a50) >> CPU[1]: goes to idle loop >> Cache config: ON >> ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011 ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 >> ID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 >> FPU2: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: >> hard, p: dbl/sngl >> Per_cpu_data_alloc: (orig: 0xf0066658-0xf00670a8) >> Timer for CPU2 is at IRQ 28 >> Allocate 2640 bytes (3KB) for CPU[3] local storage >> (offset=118f9a8, 0xf11f6000-0xf11f6a50) >> CPU[2]: goes to idle loop >> Cache config: ON >> ID_PFR[01]: 00001231 00000011 ID_[DA]FR0: 00010444 00000000 >> ID_MMFR[04]: 00100103 20000000 01230000 00102111 >> FPU3: Arch: VFPv3(3), Part: VFPv3(30), r: 4, v: 9, i: 41, t: >> hard, p: dbl/sngl >> Timer for CPU3 is at IRQ 28 >> CPU[3]: goes to idle loop >> \00\FF\00OK >> >> I have attached the configuration that we are using to compile the >> Fiasco.OC + L4re with Genode. Can you share the configuration that >> have used to compile Fiasco.OC? and what repository are you using? >> >> Best regards >> >> On 05/30/2015 02:57 AM, åæç¾½æ ¹ wrote: >>> Hi, >>> We have alreadly got fiasco.oc(R67) running on the Exynos4412 >>> successfully, >>> and tested Genode(13.05) on pandaboard.So i am trying to test >>> Genode(13.05ï¼ >>> with fiasco.oc(R67) on Exynos4412. >>> Have made all the configuration and passed the >>> compilation(printf.run),i get a 'image.elf' and then change it to >>> 'image.raw'. >>> The Fiasco.oc starts successfully during the execution of image.raw >>> on Exynos4412,but end with the error,i know it is about protection >>> domain. >>> Do you have any idea about the error? Then can you show me the log >>> of your Fiasco.oc's boot(on Odroid-X2). >>> >>> Thanks and regards >>> Sunyu >>> >>> åèª Windows é®ä»¶ >>> >> >> -- >> Lic. Reinier Millo SÃ¡nchez >> Centro de Estudios de InformÃ¡tica >> Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas >> Carretera a CamajuanÃ Km 5 1/2 >> Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba >> CP 54830 >> >> "antes de discutir ... respira; >> antes de hablar ... escucha; >> antes de escribir ... piensa; >> antes de herir ... siente; >> antes de rendirte ... intenta; >> antes de morir ... vive" > -- Lic. Reinier Millo SÃ¡nchez Centro de Estudios de InformÃ¡tica Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas Carretera a CamajuanÃ Km 5 1/2 Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba CP 54830 "antes de discutir ... respira; antes de hablar ... escucha; antes de escribir ... piensa; antes de herir ... siente; antes de rendirte ... intenta; antes de morir ... vive"

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