Hello Pirmin,
From the unofficial Genode HCL (http://usr.sysret.de/jws/genode/hcl.html) I would guess a 10th generation Intel with integrated graphics would be a good a save starting ground. As the mainboard I would use a ASUS MB PRO Q570M-C which is 11th generation ready. The reason for this MB is that the Q570 chipset supports AMT which would allow me to debug problems via Ethernet.
Do you think that a system built with these components would run sculpt well or are there some pitfalls that I have overlooked?
Briefly skimming the components I don't see any immediate pitfalls.
(With regard to AMT, on a desktop system using a PCIe serial card or - if available - an onboard COM header works equally well in case you are mainly interested in serial output. That broadens the choices somewhat.)
Regards Josef